We’ll unravel how this technique helps ensure every line of code is scrutinized and put to the test. Whether you’re a seasoned developer or a curious tech enthusiast, this blog promises valuable insights into enhancing code quality and reliability.

Get ready to sharpen your testing arsenal and elevate your software craftsmanship!

What is Statement Coverage Testing?

A fundamental method of software testing called “statement coverage testing” makes sure that every statement in a piece of code is run at least once in order to gauge how thorough the testing was. This method offers useful insights into how thoroughly a program’s source code has been checked by monitoring the execution of each line of code.

How to Measure Statement Coverage?

When comparing the number of executed statements to the total number of statements in the code, statement coverage is calculated. Statement coverage is calculated as follows:

Since this evaluation is given as a percentage, testers can determine what fraction of the code has really been used during testing.

Suppose we have a code snippet with 10 statements, and during testing, 7 of these statements are executed.

def calculate_average(numbers):
total = 0
count = 0
for num in numbers:
total += num
count += 1
if count > 0:
average = total / count
else:
average = 0
return average

In this case:

Number of Executed Statements: 7
Total Number of Statements: 10
Using the formula for statement coverage:

Statement Coverage = (Number of Executed Statements / Total Number of Statements) * 100%
Statement Coverage = (7 / 10) * 100% = 70%

Therefore, this code snippet’s statement coverage is 70%. This shows that during testing, 70% of the code’s statements were carried out.

To ensure a more thorough testing of the software, it’s critical to aim for higher statement coverage. In order to thoroughly evaluate the quality of the code, additional coverage metrics like branch coverage and path coverage are also essential.

Achieving 100% statement coverage, however, does not guarantee that all scenarios have been tested.

Example of Statement Coverage Testing:

Let’s consider a simple code snippet to illustrate statement coverage:

def calculate_sum(a, b):

    if a > b:

        result = a + b

    else:

        result = a – b

    return result

Suppose we have a test suite with two test cases:

1. calculate_sum(5, 3)
2. calculate_sum(3, 5)

Both the ‘if ‘ and ‘else’ branches are executed when these test cases are applied to the function, covering all the code statements. As a result, all statements in the code have been tested, as shown by the 100% statement coverage.

Statement coverage testing makes ensuring that no lines of code are left untested and adds to the software’s overall stability.

It’s crucial to remember, though, that while it offers a basic level of coverage assessment, having high statement coverage doesn’t imply that there won’t be any errors or rigorous testing.

For a more thorough evaluation of code quality, other methods like branch coverage and path coverage may be required.

Advantages and disadvantages of statement coverage testing

Statement Coverage Testing Benefits/Advantages

Detailed Code Inspection:

Statement Coverage Testing makes sure that each line of code is run at least once during testing.

This facilitates the discovery of any untested code segments and guarantees a more thorough evaluation of the product.

Consider a financial application where testing statement coverage reveals that a certain calculation module has not been tested, requiring further testing to cover it.

Quick Dead Code Detection:

By immediately identifying dead or inaccessible code, statement coverage enables engineers to cut out superfluous sections.

For instance, statement coverage analysis can indicate the redundancy of a portion of code if it is left undisturbed during testing for an old feature.

Basic quality indicator:

High statement coverage indicates that a significant percentage of the code has been used during testing, according to the basic quality indicator.

It does demonstrate a level of testing rigor, but it does not ensure software that is bug-free. Achieving 90% statement coverage, for instance, demonstrates a strong testing effort within the software.

Statement Coverage Testing Disadvantages

Concentrate on Quantity Rather than Quality:

Statement coverage assesses code execution but not testing quality. With superficial tests that don’t account for many circumstances, a high coverage percentage may be achieved.

For instance, testing a login system can cover all of the code lines but exclude important checks for invalid passwords.

Ignores Branches and Logic:

When determining statement coverage, conditional structures like if and else statements are ignored.

This could result in inadequate testing of logical assumptions. A software might, for instance, test the “if” portion of an if-else statement but fail to test the “else” portion.

False High Coverage:

Achieving high statement coverage does not imply that the application will be bug-free.

Despite extensive testing, some edge situations or uncommon events might still not be tested.

For instance, a scheduling tool may have excellent statement coverage yet neglect to take into account changes in daylight saving time.

Inability to Capture Input Context:

Statement coverage is unable to capture the context of the input values utilized during testing.

This implies that it might ignore particular inputs that result in particular behavior.

For example, evaluating a shopping cart system might be successful if edge circumstances like negative amounts or large discounts are not taken into account.

The post What is Statement Coverage Testing? appeared first on Testbytes.

This is where White Box Testing comes in, a a powerful process that probes deeply into the inner workings of software to reveal possible faults and vulnerabilities.

By examining its different methods and examples, we will demystify the idea of white box testing in this extensive blog article.

Join us on this trip as we shed light on the many forms of White Box Testing and how they play a critical part in enhancing software quality and security—from comprehending the basic concepts to uncovering its practical implementations.

This article will provide you priceless insights into the realm of White Box Testing, whether you’re an experienced developer or an inquisitive tech enthusiast.

What is White Box Testing With an Example?

White Box Testing is also known by other names such as:

• Clear Box Testing
• Transparent Box Testing
• Glass Box Testing
• Structural Testing
• Code-Based Testing

White Box Testing is a software testing process that includes studying an application’s core structure and logic. It is carried out at the code level, where the tester has access to the source code and is knowledgeable of the internal implementation of the product.

White Box Testing, as opposed to Black Box Testing, which focuses on exterior behavior without knowledge of the underlying workings, tries to guarantee that the code performs as intended and is free of mistakes or vulnerabilities.

This testing method gives useful insights into the application’s quality and helps discover possible areas for development by studying the program’s structure, flow, and pathways.

In white box testing, the tester has to go through the code line by line to ensure that internal operations are executed as per the specification and all internal modules are properly implemented.

Example

Let’s consider a simple example of white box testing for a function that calculates the area of a rectangle:

def calculate_rectangle_area(length, width):
if length <= 0 or width <= 0:
return “Invalid input: Length and width must be positive numbers.”
else:
area = length * width
return area

Now, let’s create some test cases to perform white box testing on this function:

Test Case 1: Valid Input

• Input: length = 5, width = 3
• Expected Output: 15

Test Case 2: Invalid Input (Negative Value)

• Input: length = -2, width = 4
• Expected Output: “Invalid input: Length and width must be positive numbers.”

Test Case 3: Invalid Input (Zero Value)

• Input: length = 0, width = 6
• Expected Output: “Invalid input: Length and width must be positive numbers.”

Test Case 4: Valid Input (Floating-Point Numbers)

• Input: length = 4.5, width = 2.5
• Expected Output: 11.25

Test Case 5: Valid Input (Large Numbers)

• Input: length = 1000, width = 10000
• Expected Output: 10,000,000

In this situation, white box testing entails analyzing the function’s core logic and creating test cases to make sure all code paths are covered.

In order to determine if the function operates as intended in various contexts, test cases are designed to assess both valid and invalid inputs.

White box testing allows us to both confirm that the function is correct and find any possible defects or implementation problems.

White Box Testing Coverage

#1) Code level: Errors at the source code level, such as syntax mistakes, logical mistakes, and poor data handling, are found using white box testing.

#2) Branch and Path Coverage: By making sure that all potential code branches and pathways are checked, this testing strategy helps to spot places where the code doesn’t work as intended.

#3) Integration Issues: White box testing assists in identifying problems that may develop when several code modules are combined, assuring flawless system operation.

#4) Boundary Value Analysis: White box testing exposes flaws that happen at the boundaries of variable ranges, which are often subject to mistakes, by examining boundary conditions.

#5) Performance bottlenecks: By identifying regions of inefficient code and performance bottlenecks, engineers are better able to improve their product.

#6) Security issues: White box testing reveals security issues, such as errors in input validation and possible entry points for unauthorized users.

White box testing, sometimes referred to as clear box testing or structural testing, includes analyzing the software’s core logic and code. This testing technique may be used to find a variety of flaws and problems, including:

Code-level Errors: White box testing uncovers issues at the source code level, such as syntax errors, logical errors, and improper data handling.

Branch and Path Coverage: This testing approach ensures that all possible branches and paths within the code are tested, helping identify areas where the code doesn’t function as intended.

Integration Problems: White box testing aids in detecting issues that may arise when different code modules are integrated, ensuring seamless functioning across the entire system.

Boundary Value Analysis: By exploring boundary conditions, white box testing reveals bugs that occur at the limits of variable ranges, which are often prone to errors.

Performance Bottlenecks: It helps pinpoint performance bottlenecks and areas of inefficient code, allowing developers to optimize the software for better performance.

Security Vulnerabilities: White box testing exposes security vulnerabilities, such as input validation flaws and potential points of unauthorized access.

Difference Between White Box Testing and Black Box Testing

Both of them are two major classifications of software testing. They are very different from each other.

1. White box testing refers to the line by line testing of the code, while black box testing refers to giving the input to the code and validating the output.
2. Black box testing refers to testing the software from a user’s point of view, whereas the White box refers to the testing of the actual code.
3. In Black box testing, testing is not concerned about the internal code, but in WBT testing is based on the internal code.
4. Both the developers and testers use white box testing. It helps them validate the proper working of every line of the code.

Steps to Perform White Box Testing

Understand the Source Code:

A thorough knowledge of the source code is essential before beginning white box testing. To do this, examine the code base and note important modules, functions, and data structures. You may efficiently develop test cases that focus on particular aspects of the application by becoming familiar with the code.

Create Test Cases:

Create Test Cases: The foundation of white box testing is the creation of thorough test cases. Create test cases that cover numerous pathways, situations, and scenarios based on your understanding of the code. Your testing efforts will be guided by these test cases, ensuring that every facet of the code is carefully inspected.

When identifying test cases, you should consider the following:

* All possible paths through the code
* All boundary conditions (e.g., minimum and maximum values)
* All error conditions (e.g., invalid inputs)

Choose Testing Techniques:

A variety of testing methods are used in white box testing to evaluate code coverage. Statement coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, and condition coverage are some of these strategies. Select the right approaches to direct your testing strategy based on the amount of thoroughness necessary.

Perform Unit Testing:

To begin, conduct unit testing, which entails testing distinct components or modules. To verify their accuracy and find any defects or problems, each function or method should be evaluated using several inputs. The basis for guaranteeing the dependability of each code component is laid out through unit testing.

Execute Integration Testing:

Integration testing aims to evaluate the relationships between various components. Test for compatibility, data flow, and interactions when components are merged. This stage is essential for finding integration problems and making sure the application runs well.

Apply Coverage Analysis:

White box testing relies heavily on coverage analysis. To determine how much of the code your test cases cover, use coverage analysis tools. This gives you information about parts of the code that your tests do not cover, enabling you to improve coverage and reduce blind spots.

Use Boundary Value Analysis:

Use boundary value analysis to test the application with values at the outside limits of the input ranges. You can find flaws or problems relating to edge situations by testing extreme values. By doing this, you can make sure the program will function properly in many scenarios.

Implement Decision Testing:

Decision testing is designed to assess multiple outcomes of decision points—such as if-else and switch cases—within the code. Make careful you properly test each conceivable branch of the decision-making logic to identify any potential flaws or inconsistencies.

Evaluate Data Flow:

Analyze the data flow within the code to evaluate it. To guarantee data integrity and correct handling, test situations where data is transmitted across several code sections. This process is crucial for locating problems with data modification and transmission.

Run Regression Tests:

Once defects have been located and fixed, run tests to make sure the changes made did not result in any new problems or alter functionality. Regression testing protects against unforeseen effects of modifying the code.

Perform Code Reviews:

Work with developers and other team members to evaluate code. You may find problems early in the development process and improve overall code quality by exchanging ideas and feedback. Code reviews encourage group learning and development.

Document Results:

Results must be meticulously documented at every stage of the white box testing procedure. Record the test cases that were run, the level of coverage attained, the problems found, and the remedies implemented. This documentation offers a detailed account of your testing activities and results.

Iterate and Refine:

White box testing is an iterative process, so iterate and refine as necessary. Review your test cases, make any necessary updates, and carry out more testing as necessary when the code changes or evolves. The robustness and resilience of the code are maintained through this iterative process.

Collaborate:

Throughout the white box testing process, effective communication and collaboration with the development team are essential. Exchange ideas, disseminate research, and collaborate to raise the caliber and usefulness of the codebase.

Types of White Box Testing/Techniques used in White Box Testing

The term “white box testing,” also known as “clear box testing” or “structural testing,” refers to a variety of testing methods, each with a particular emphasis on a distinct element of the core logic and code of the product. The primary categories of White Box Testing are as follows:

Statement coverage testing

During the testing process, this approach seeks to test every statement in the source code at least once.

Branch coverage testing

Testing for branches or decision points is known as branch coverage, and it makes sure that every branch or decision point in the code is tested for both true and false outcomes.

Path coverage testing

Path coverage testing examines all potential statements or statement combinations in the code to ensure thorough code execution.

Condition coverage testing

The goal of condition coverage testing, commonly referred to as “decision coverage,” is to make sure that all potential outcomes of boolean conditions inside the code are evaluated at least once. This method aids in ensuring that every choice or branch in the code gets executed on its own.

Example:

Loop Coverage Testing

Testing loops in the code to make sure all conceivable iterations are carried out is the subject of the loop coverage testing approach.

Let’s consider an example of loop coverage testing using a simple program that calculates the factorial of a given number using a for loop:

In this example, the ‘factorial’ function calculates the factorial of a given number using a ‘for’ loop. Loop coverage testing aims to test different aspects of loop behavior. Here are the scenarios covered:

Test case 1: Calculating the factorial of 5. The loop runs from 1 to 5, multiplying result by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The expected result is 120.

Test case 2: Calculating the factorial of 3. The loop runs from 1 to 3, multiplying result by 1, 2, and 3. The expected result is 6.

Test case 3: Calculating the factorial of 0. Since the loop’s range is from 1 to 0+1, the loop doesn’t execute, and the function directly returns 1.

Boundary Value Analysis

It evaluates how the program behaves at the border between acceptable and unacceptable input ranges.

Let’s consider an example of a function that calculates the cost of shipping a package based on its weight:

Data flow testing

Data flow testing looks at how data moves through the program and confirms that data variables are handled correctly.

Control flow testing:

Control flow testing analyzes the order of the statements in the code or the control flow.

Let’s consider a simple example of a control flow testing scenario using a function that calculates the discount for a shopping cart based on the total amount spent:

In this example, the ‘calculate_discount’ function calculates the discount based on the total amount spent. Control flow testing aims to test different paths through the function’s code, including the if-elif-else branches. Here are the scenarios covered:

Test case 1: The total amount is 150. It satisfies the condition total_amount >= 100, so the discount should be 0.1 (10%).

Test case 2: The total amount is 80. It doesn’t satisfy the first condition but satisfies the second condition total_amount >= 50. Hence, the discount should be 0.05 (5%).

Test case 3: The total amount is 30. It doesn’t meet any of the conditions, so the discount remains 0 (no discount).

Testing using Decision Tables

Based on predetermined criteria, decision tables are used to test different combinations of inputs and their related outputs.

Let’s consider an example of a decision table for determining the eligibility of a loan based on income and credit score:

Example: Loan Eligibility Decision Table

In this example, the decision table has four conditions: “Income Range,” “Credit Score Range,” and “Eligibility.” The different possible values for each condition are represented in rows. The “Eligibility” column indicates whether the applicant is eligible for a loan based on the given conditions.

For instance, if an applicant has a high income and a good credit score, they are eligible for a loan according to the decision table (C7). Conversely, if an applicant has a low income and a poor credit score, they are not eligible (C3).

Testing using a decision table involves creating test cases that cover all the different combinations of conditions and their expected outcomes. Here are a few example test cases:

1. Applicant with low income and good credit score:

• Income Range: Low
• Credit Score Range: Good
• Expected Eligibility: Not Eligible

2. Applicant with moderate income and fair credit score:

• Income Range: Moderate
• Credit Score Range: Fair
• Expected Eligibility: Eligible

3. Applicant with high income and poor credit score:

• Income Range: High
• Credit Score Range: Poor
• Expected Eligibility: Not Eligible

By systematically testing each combination of conditions based on the decision table, we can ensure that the application behaves as expected for different scenarios and helps in verifying that the defined rules are correctly implemented.

Mutation Testing

In order to determine how well the test suite is able to identify these alterations, mutation testing includes making minor modifications or mutations to the code.

These numerous White Box Testing approaches are used to test the underlying logic of the program thoroughly and achieve varying degrees of code coverage. Depending on the complexity of the product and the testing goals, testers may combine various approaches.

Top White Box Testing Tools

#1) Veracode

Veracode is a prominent toolkit that helps in identifying and resolving the defects quickly, economically and easily. It supports various programming languages like .NET, C++, JAVA, etc. It also supports security testing.

#2) EclEmma

EclEmma is a free Java code coverage tool. It has various features that ease the testing process. It is widely used by the testers to conduct white box testing on their code.

#3) JUnit

JUnit is a widely-used testing framework for Java that plays a crucial role in automating and simplifying the process of unit testing. It provides a platform for developers to write test cases and verify their Java code’s functionality at the unit level. JUnit follows the principles of test-driven development (TDD), where test cases are written before the actual code implementation.

#4) CppUnit:

CppUnit is a testing framework for C++ that was created to facilitate unit testing for C++ programs. It is based on the design concepts of JUnit. It allows programmers to create and run test cases to verify the accuracy of their C++ code.

#5) Pytest

This C++ test framework by Google has an extensive list of features including test Discovery, Death tests, Value-parameterized tests, fatal & non-fatal failures, XML test report generation, etc. It supports various platforms like Linux, Windows, Symbian, Mac OS X, etc.

Advantages of White Box Testing

• Code optimization
• Transparency of the internal coding structure
• Thorough testing by covering all possible paths of a code
• Introspection of the code by the programmers
• Easy test case automation

Disadvantages of White Box Testing

• A complex and expensive procedure
• Frequent updating of the test script is required whenever changer happens in the code
• Exhaustive testing for large-sized application
• Not always possible to test all the conditions.
• Need to create a full range of inputs making it a very time-consuming process

Conclusion

White box testing is a predominantly used software testing technique. It is based on evaluating the code to test which line of the code is causing the error. The process requires good programming language skills and is generally carried out by both developers and testers.

FAQs

#1) How can developers ensure adequate code coverage when performing White Box Testing?

By using a variety of techniques, developers may guarantee proper code coverage in White Box Testing.

They should start by clearly defining test goals and requirements, making sure that all crucial features are included. It is best to write thorough test cases that cover all potential outcomes, including boundary values and error handling.

To track the amount of code that is exercised by tests, code coverage tools like Jacoco or Cobertura may be utilized. It is crucial to remedy low-coverage regions by adding test cases or making adjustments after regularly analyzing code coverage metrics to do so.

To carry out thorough testing effectively, test automation should be used, and branch and path coverage guarantees that all potential choices and code routes are checked.

Working together with the QA team ensures thorough integration of White Box and Black Box Testing. Developers may improve code quality and lower the chance of discovering bugs by adhering to certain best practices.

#2) What are some best practices for conducting effective White Box Testing in a development team?

effective White Box research Following various best practices is necessary while testing in a development team. Here are a few crucial ones:

Clear needs: As this information informs test case creation, make sure that the team has a complete grasp of the functional and non-functional needs for the project.

Comprehensive Test Cases: Create detailed test cases that cover all possible code pathways, decision points, and boundary conditions. This will guarantee complete code coverage.

Code reviews: It should be conducted on a regular basis to guarantee code quality, spot possible problems, and confirm that tests are consistent with code changes.

Test Automation: Use test automation to run tests quickly and reliably, giving you more time for exploratory testing and a lower risk of human mistake.

Continuous Integration: Include testing in the process to spot problems before they become serious and to encourage routine code testing.

Test Data Management: To achieve consistent and reproducible test findings, test data should be handled with care.

Code coverage : metrics should be regularly monitored in order to identify places with poor coverage and focus testing efforts there.

Collaboration with QA Team: FCollaboration with QA Team: Encourage cooperation between the QA team and the developers to make sure that all White Box and Black Box Testing activities are coordinated and thorough.

Regression testing: Regression testing should be continuously carried out to ensure that new code modifications do not cause regressions or affect working functionality.

Documentation: Test cases, processes, and results should all be well documented in order to encourage team collaboration and knowledge sharing.

The post What is White Box Testing? Techniques, Examples and Types appeared first on Testbytes.

This tutorial is your key to mastering Selenium IDE’s amazing features, whether you’re a novice eager to delve into the world of automated testing or a seasoned professional looking to improve your skills.

Prepare for an exciting journey as we uncover this tool’s secrets and give you the knowledge and abilities to write reliable, effective test automation scripts. So prepare for an insightful Selenium IDE tutorial that will elevate your testing game by grabbing your virtual testing lab coat and donning your coding glasses.

Latest News About Selenium IDE

Selenium IDE encountered a fork in its journey when Firefox’s unfortunate withdrawal of support presented itself.

A brand-new Selenium IDE that is independent of any particular browser was developed as a result of the quick response of the committed Selenium community to the challenge.

This updated Selenium IDE, developed as a web extension, offers a plethora of improvements and features that address the changing requirements of automated testing.

The new Selenium IDE, which embraces a cross-browser approach, supports popular browsers like Chrome and Firefox, giving testers the ability to seamlessly run their automated tests across various platforms.

The new Selenium IDE features a new and dynamic interface with enhanced recording capabilities, advanced debugging tools, and comprehensive test reports that continue to streamline the test automation process for both novices and experts.

+This tenacious transformation proves the Selenium community’s unwavering dedication to offering an exceptional testing experience and guarantees that Selenium IDE continues to flourish even in the face of shifting technological environments.

Features of the New IDE

Cross-Browser Compatibility: By supporting popular web browsers like Chrome and Firefox, the new Selenium IDE enables testers to create and run tests on various platforms.

Improved Recording and Playback: Testers can easily record and automate their interactions with web applications thanks to improved recording capabilities. The playback feature makes sure that tests go off without a hitch and consistently.

Intelligent Element Locators: The IDE offers intelligent locators that adjust to changes in the application’s structure, simplifying test maintenance and lowering the demand for ongoing updates.

Strong Debugging Tools: With features like breakpoints, step-by-step execution, and variable inspection, debugging is made simple. The root causes of failures can be found and efficiently resolved by testers.

Test Data Management: The IDE provides a range of adaptable options for handling test data, such as data-driven testing, which enables testers to run the same test against various datasets.

Customizable: Selenium IDE can be customized and extended using plugins and custom scripts, allowing testers to improve its functionality in accordance with their unique needs.

Test reporting and metrics: The IDE generates thorough reports that include specific information about test results, such as pass/fail status, execution time, and screenshots. These reports help identify areas that need more attention and offer insightful information about test coverage.

Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing: Test scripts are easily shared and worked on by teams, encouraging productive teamwork and knowledge exchange.

Integration with Selenium Grid: Thanks to the new Selenium IDE’s seamless integration with Selenium Grid, testers can distribute tests across multiple machines and run them concurrently, greatly cutting down on the time it takes to complete a test.

Support for Continuous Integration (CI): The IDE easily integrates with well-known CI/CD tools, giving testers the ability to incorporate automated tests into their development workflows and achieve continuous testing.

About Selenium IDE

Selenium integrated development environment that is plugged into Firefox. It is an automation testing tool that is very simple, easy and user-friendly.  It offers easy installation, learning, and creation of test scripts. Selenium IDE is based on record and playback principle. It is good for all kinds of testing.

Features of Selenium IDE That Makes it the Best!

Selenium is a widely used automation testing tool and offers extensive features. Some of the common features of Selenium IDE are:

• It offers an easy and simple record and playback features
• Supports Intelligent field selection
• Auto-completion of Selenium commands
• Walkthrough tests
• Easy Debugging capabilities
• Easy setting of breakpoints
• Save tests as HTML, Ruby, Python, C# scripts, or any other format
• Supports Selenium user-extensions.js
• Supports automatic assertion of title for all pages
• Supports easy customization
• Does not require programming skills

The Drawback of Selenium IDE

Selenium IDE is a Firefox plug-in hence it supports only Firefox and the test scripts Created in Selenium IDE can only be executed in the Firefox browser.

Step-by-Step Tutorial about learning Selenium IDE

Downloading and Installing Selenium IDE

Now when we have a good idea on what is Selenium IDE, let us move to the next step of Downloading and Installing Selenium IDE.
To download Selenium IDE you need to have Mozilla Firefox, if you have it well and good if you don’t have it, download it.

Steps to download and install Selenium IDE

1)     Launch Mozilla Firefox Browser.
2)      Open Selenium IDE Add-ons page by typing URL: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/selenium-ide/ in your browser. Next Click on Add to Firefox button.

3)     You will get a popup asking for your permission to install Selenium IDE Add-ons or not. Click the Install button over the popup.

4)     Firefox will then install Selenium IDE software and you will get a popup asking you to restart the Firefox. Click the restart button. The Selenium installation will now be reflected on your browser.
5)     After you restart you ur browser you can find the selenium IDE under the tools menu list present at the top bar

6)     Click on selenium ide your selenium ide will launch

Sections of Selenium IDE

Selenium IDE is divided into different sections. Before start working on it, you must know about these categories:

Menu Bar

present at the uppermost of the Selenium IDE window. The menu bar consists of five sub-modules.

File Menu

 File Menu Create, Save and Export Test Case and Test Suite of Selenium IDE. You can open the file menu by pressing Alt + F, or by clicking on the File menu.

Under File menu you can find:

• New Test Case: It creates a new blank Test Case
• Open: It  Open already saved Test Cases.
• Save Test Case: Saves the opened Test case.
• Save Test Case As: Saves opened Test Case in a specific location and has a specific name.
• Export Test Case As: Assists exporting test cases in various languages like Ruby/Python/Java/C# in both Selenium Remote Control and Selenium WebDriver Format.
• Recent Test Cases: Returns a list of few last saved Test Cases.
• Add Test Case: Search test cases and merge them into the currently opened test case.
• Properties: returns the properties opened test case.
• New Test Suite: creates a blank Test Suite
• Open Test Suite: Opens existing Test Suite.
• Save Test Suite: Saves opened Test Suite.
• Save Test Suite As: Saves opened Test Suite in a specific location and has a specific name.
• Export Test Suite As: Assists exporting test Suite in various languages like Ruby/Python/Java/C# in both Selenium Remote Control and Selenium WebDriver Format.
• Recent Test Suites: Returns a list of few last saved Test Suite.

Default Interface of Selenium IDE

Edit Menu

Edit Menu helps to Cut Copy Paste and Insert Command in Selenium IDE Test. You can open the Edit menu by pressing Alt + E, or by clicking on the Edit menu.
Under the Edit menu you can find:

• Undo: last action or few last performed actions are undone
• Redo: Re-do the last undone action or series of last undone actions.
• Cut: Copies and removes the selected command or test step from the current location to some other location in the test.
• Copy: Copies selected command or test step from current location to some other location in the test. But it does not remove the command from the previous locations.
• Paste: Pastes cut/copied command to a selected location in the test.
• Delete: Deletes the chosen command.
• Select All: Select all the commands in Test Step Pane.
• Insert New Command: Insert a  row at a selected location to write new commands
• Insert New Comment: Insert a  row at a selected location to write a new comment

Read also: Selenium 4: New Features and Updates

Actions Menu

Helps us to learn Options to Record Play Run And Debug Selenium IDE Test.

• Record: It Records the user actions on the webpage via the Firefox Web Browser. While recording, the menu item keeps displaying a chack against items.
• Play Entire test suite: it play-back/re-run every Test Case in the Test Case Pane, following top to bottom approach.
• Play the current test case: play-back the selected Test Case.
• Playtest Suites periodically: let the specified test suite to execute at specific times. It is the best way when test suits are required to be rerun periodically as it does not require any human intervention, once specified it will rerun test cases automatically
• Toggle Breakpoint: allows you to specify one or more breakpoint(s) to forcefully break the execution at specified steps.
• Set / Clear Start Point: it permits the testers to select a start point to start executing the test. It is important for subsequent runs.
• Pause / Resume: this enables the pausing and resuming of the test at any point between the test execution.
• Step: it permits to step through the playing-back of the test case. It is important for debugging purposes.
• Execute this command: This allows testers to execute a particular command instead of executing the complete test case. It is important when testers want to see the behavior of any specific command
• Fastest/Faster/Slower/Slowest: it allows you to set the execution speed from fastest to lowest concerning the responsiveness of the application under test.

Other categories available at Menu Bar are:

Options Menu and Help Menu

Tool Bar

The ToolBar includes the Buttons that Control the execution of test cases, for debugging the test cases, setting up the speed of the test, Stopping, Playing and Recording of test cases.

Test Case Pane

All the test cases recorded by IDE are available in Test Case Pane. It can open more than one test case at the same time and supports easy shuffling between the test cases.

It also offers Test Execution Result Summary including entire Test Suite status, Total number of Test Executed, etc.

Test Case Pane

It is the place where Test Case Steps are recorded. All the user actions are recorded in the order they are performed. It also allows the editing and changing of the test cases

Output Pane

The bottom pane or the Log Pane offers the following functions

• Log, 
• Reference, 
• UI-Element, and 
• Rollup 

The function performed depends upon which tab is selected.

Record the Selenium IDE Test Case.

1. Launch Firefox Selenium IDE. Type the URL. Click the Record button, a red button on the top right corner. It will record Test Cases.
2. In Firefox, type the same URL as in step 1. Firefox will take you to the related webpage.
3. Right-click anywhere on this page, you will get Selenium IDE context menu. In the context menu go to Show Available Commands> Web Page Name.
4. Click on MyAccount
5. Enter UserName and Password and then click on the login button.
6. To stop the recording click the record button again. Click on the Table tab and you will be able to see the recorded commands.
7. Click on the Source tab to see HTML Code.

Read also: 11 Awesome Selenium Alternatives For Testers in 2019

Save the Selenium IDE Test Case.

1. To save a test case go to File Menu and click on Save Test Case As.

File -> Save Test Case As.

2. Choose the desired location and give your file a name and click on Save.
3. You can see the name of the saved test case on the left-hand side.
4. The file will be saved as HTML.

Playback Selenium IDE Test Script

Open a new tab Firefox. Click the Play button in Selenium IDE. It will execute the previously recorded tests.
Selenium Commands

Selenium commands or Selenese are a set of test cases that are deployed to test web applications using Selenium.
Selenium commands are of three types:

Actions

Actions commands control the state of the application. Operations under action commands are:

1. type this box,
2. click this link
3. select option.

Some of these commands can be suffixed with AndWait like click and wait, type and wait. This prompts Selenium to wait until the web page is loaded. If these commands fail, the existing test is stopped.

Accessors

These commands automatically create Assertions and inspect the state of the application.

Assertions

They inspect the state of the application adapts to what is anticipated.
They can be further divided into three categories:

• Assert:
• Verify:
• WaitFor:

Some of the Commonly used commands in Selenium IDE:

• type: Set the value of the input field
• open: Opens a web page through the given URL.
• click clicks on a checkbox, link, button or radio button.
• clickAndWait: When you click on the checkbox, link, button or radio button, and a new page is loaded it calls waitForPageToLoad.
• select: It selects an option drop-down.
• selectFrame: It is used to select a frame from the present window.
• verify title/assert title: Authenticates an anticipated page title.
• verifyElementPresent: Confirms if the
• indicated element is present on the page.
• highlight: Altersthe backgroundColor of the indicated element.
• pause: Wait for the indicated time period
• echo: Prints indicated message in your Selenium command tables.

What are Locators?

Locators in Selenium IDE are used to find and match the elements in the web page that are required to communicate with. The use of the right locator promises faster, more trustworthy and low maintenance tests. But choosing the right locators can sometimes become a challenging task.

Locators in selenium IDE

Locators tell on which GUI elements do Selenium IDE needs to operate on. The correct identification of the locators is very important and it is equally challenging.
There are many commands in Selenium IDE that do not require Locators, but most of the commands do require locators. The locators to be used depends on the AUT.
The various types of locator are:

Locator: ID

It is a common way to locate different elements as every element has a unique ID.

Target Format: id=id of the element

Consider any test app, let it be Facebook.

• Check the “Email” text box using Firebug and note down Locator: ID
• Launch Selenium IDE and write “id=(Locator ID you retrieved in the first step)” in the Target box. When you click on the Find button next to the target box, the “Email ID” text box will be emphasized with a yellow and green border. This means that Selenium IDE has located the “Email ID” text box correctly.

Locator: Name

Locator name is quite similar to Locator: ID. The only difference is that here we use name instead of ID.
Target Format: name=name of the element.
Consider any test app, let it be Facebook.

• Check the “Email” text box using Firebug and note down Locator: Name
• Launch Selenium IDE and write “Name=(Locator name you retrieved in the first step)” in the Target box. When you click on the Find button next to the target box, the “Email ID” text box will be emphasized with a yellow and green border. This means that Selenium IDE has located the “Email ID” text box correctly.

Locator: Link

This locator is used for hyperlink texts. It can be used by beginning the target with “link=” tailed by hyperlink text.
Target Format: link=link_text

Consider any web app as a text app.

• Check any element that has a hyperlink text and  using Firebug and notes down Link Text
• Launch Selenium IDE and write “Link =(Link Text you retrieved in the first step)” in the Target box. When you click on the Find button next to the target box, the corresponding text box will be emphasized with a yellow and green border. This means that Selenium IDE has located the element correctly.

Locator: CSS

CSS Selectors are though a complex method to locate elements on a web page, but they are the most preferred method of locating elements in advanced Selenium as they can even detect elements that have no name or no ID.
CSS Selectors are also strung patterns That has the ability to recognize an element based on its arrangement of HTML tag, id, class, and attributes. CSS Selectors have many formats, but the most  common are:

• Tag and ID
• Tag and class
• Tag and attribute
• Tag, class, and attribute
• Inner text

Locator: Xpath

XPath is a language for navigating the DOM (document object model) of a web page. It can locate any element on the web page and is hence the most potent and supple locator.

Some of the Firefox Add-ons that can help in finding  XPath of an element:

• Firebug
• XPath Checker
• File path
• XPath Finder

Locator: DOM

The Document Object Model is an HTML document that can be accessed using JavaScript. It uses hierarchical dotted notation to locate an element on the page.

Conclusion

If you wish to learn more about selenium we have comprised a tutorial just for you which will take you deep into the tool.

Get an eBook: Download PDF

The post Selenium IDE Tutorial For Beginners appeared first on Testbytes.

1. What is Website Testing?
2. Reasons to Test Your Website
3. Website Testing Checklist
4. Types of Web Testing
5. Techniques to reduce your website testing efforts
6. Website Testing Tips
7. Website Testing Tools

What is website testing?

The practice of examining and assessing a website or online application to find possible problems, vulnerabilities, and opportunities for improvement is known as website testing, sometimes known as web application testing.

Website testing’s major objective is to make that the site works as intended, performs effectively, and offers a satisfying user experience while ensuring security and dependability.

Functionality Testing: This type of testing verifies that the website’s features, functionality, and user interactions work as expected. It includes testing links, forms, navigation, search functionality, user registration, login/logout, and other interactive elements.

Usability Testing: Usability testing focuses on evaluating the website’s user-friendliness and user experience. It involves assessing the website’s layout, design, navigation, and overall ease of use. Usability testing may include gathering feedback from real users through surveys, interviews, or user testing sessions.

Performance Testing: Performance testing assesses the website’s responsiveness, speed, and scalability under various load conditions. It measures factors such as page load times, server response times, resource utilization, and the website’s ability to handle concurrent user traffic.

Security Testing: Security testing aims to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the website’s security controls. It includes testing for common security flaws such as cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, authentication and authorization issues, session management vulnerabilities, and other security vulnerabilities.

Compatibility Testing: Compatibility testing ensures that the website functions correctly across different web browsers, operating systems, and devices. It involves testing the website’s compatibility with popular browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer), mobile devices, and screen resolutions.

Accessibility Testing: Accessibility testing assesses the website’s compliance with accessibility standards and guidelines, making it usable for individuals with disabilities. It focuses on factors such as keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility, color contrast, and alternative text for images.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Testing: XSS testing involves evaluating the website’s vulnerability to cross-site scripting attacks, where malicious code can be injected into the website and executed in a user’s browser. It aims to identify and mitigate XSS vulnerabilities to prevent potential security breaches.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Testing: CSRF testing checks for vulnerabilities that could allow malicious entities to execute unauthorized actions on behalf of a user. It involves crafting requests and verifying if the website’s security mechanisms effectively prevent CSRF attacks.

Performance and Load Testing: This type of testing evaluates the website’s performance under heavy loads and stress conditions. It involves simulating high user traffic, concurrent user sessions, and data loads to identify potential bottlenecks, scalability issues, and performance degradation.

Regression Testing: Regression testing ensures that changes or updates made to the website do not introduce new issues or break existing functionality. It involves retesting previously tested features and functionalities to verify their continued proper functioning.

Reasons to test your website

Testing your website is very important and here are a few reasons to convince you about that:

Identify and fix issues/bugs

Finding and fixing problems is made easier by testing a website’s operation, appearance, or performance.

Early detection of these problems allows you to solve them before they affect user experience or develop into bigger difficulties.

Ensure functionality

Testing makes that all of your website’s features and capabilities operate as intended.

It checks to see whether buttons, links, forms, navigation, and other interactive features work properly. This makes it easier to create a seamless user experience.

Enhance user experience

Testing enables you to evaluate your website’s usability and user-friendliness.

You may enhance the website’s layout, design, navigation, and general usability by getting user comments and insights.

The happiness and engagement of customers are influenced by the user experience.

Enhance performance

Testing aids in gauging and enhancing your website’s performance. You may evaluate things like server response times, page load times, and resource use.

You may improve the speed, responsiveness, and scalability of the website by identifying and eliminating performance bottlenecks.

Ensure cross-browser and device compatibility

Testing makes sure that your website works properly on a variety of computers and mobile devices, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer.

This makes it possible to reach a larger audience and offers a uniform user experience regardless of the platform that the user selects.

Improve security

Testing is essential for finding and fixing security flaws in your website.

By doing security testing, you may identify common security issues (such as XSS and SQL injection) and evaluate how well security safeguards are working.

By addressing these vulnerabilities, you may secure against prospective attacks, preserve user data, and prevent unwanted access.

Validate compliance

Testing enables you to confirm that your website complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and accessibility standards.

To do this, you must make sure that laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and accessibility standards like the

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are being followed. Legal and regulatory risks are lessened with the use of compliance testing.

Support for updates and changes:

As you update your website or add new features, testing is essential to make sure that the changes don’t cause any problems or impair current functioning.

Regression testing assists in confirming that after changes, the website still functions as planned.

Improve brand reputation

Users get a dependable and consistent experience from a well-tested website.

It builds credibility and trust with your audience and enhances the reputation of your brand.

On the other hand, a website with a history of problems or poor performance might hurt your brand’s reputation.

Cost and time savings

While spending time and money on testing may seem like an extra effort, in the long run, it may save a lot of money and time.

Early issue detection and repair save money on costly repairs and lessen the possibility of serious difficulties developing after the website is live.

Website Testing Checklist

Before you begin with your website testing, be ready with a checklist so as not to miss any part of it.
For Functional Testing

• Check whether usable HTML is used or not.
• Validate different fields like dropdowns, text boxes, checkboxes, radio options, links, Combo box inputs, etc.
• Verify CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
• Validate that internal links are appropriately linked to anticipated pages of your websites.
• Validate that internal links are appropriately linked to anticipated pages of external websites.
• Ensure the proper functioning of Email links.
• Validate that there are no broken links generated in your website.
• Validate that the web forms are consistent and hold the essential input and output controls. Also, validate that the data is properly captured.
• Validate the database for effective data processing.
• Cookie testing should not be missed for enhanced security of your users.
• Check your website for appropriate error messages
• make sure that the required and optional fields are properly handled.
• Counter-check the security measures for proper storing of sensitive data.

For Performance Testing

• Test your website for attributes like Speed, Responsiveness, Stability, Scalability, etc. under various load conditions.

For Web Usability Testing

• Validate that Site Load-time is reasonable.
• Inspect font size and spacing between lines is easily readable by the users.
• Ensure the use of Flash & Add-ons.
• Validate the correct usage of ALT Tags for all images.
• In case of internal link breakage, the proper error message should be displayed.
• Check the correct placement of the website logo.
• Check tagline.
• Validate the contact details.
• Validate the navigation system is easy to understand for the users.
• Make sure that the navigation labels are clear and concise.
• Validate the correct usage of buttons and links for easy navigation.
• Validate that the company logo is linked with the home page. (Not mandatory, but is commonly practiced)
• Check the proper positioning and ease of usage of the search button
• Ensure that the heading is clear and descriptive
• Check the proper use of heading tags like H1, H2, etc.
• Validate that critical content is displayed in average screen resolution on the first.
• Make sure that steady usage of font styles and colors has been done across your website.
• Validate the use of user-friendly and meaningful keywords
• Validate that the titles are meaningful and self-explanatory

For Compatibility Testing

Validate your website with

• Browsers and their versions.
• Operating systems and their versions.
• Hardware configurations.
• Network environments.
• Screen resolutions.

For Web Security Testing

• Validate your website for password cracking.
• Test your website for threat exposure.
• Validate your website for URL management.
• Validate SQL injection.
• Validate your website for Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).

Types of Web Testing

Website testing can be broadly divided into various parts:
#1. Functional Testing
Tests the functionality of the website and ensures it works as per the requirement specification.
#2. Browser Compatibility Testing
Your users might be using different browsers and to offer a smooth browsing experience to ensure that you conduct a vivid round of browser compatibility testing. It ensures that your website works fine on various different browsers.
#3. Usability Testing
Your website should be easy to use for the users, it should provide easy navigation, usage, and look and feel to the users.
#4. Accessibility Testing
Accessibility testing can be called as a subset of usability testing, where testing is done whether your website can be easy to use by disabled people. It specifically tests if your website is designed in consideration of people with disability.
#5. Performance Testing
Your website has to bear some load on a day-to-day basis. Considering an average load condition, you should ensure that your website works fine under this load condition. Hence, performance testing of the website is done to test its stability and its responsiveness under a particular load.
#6. Stress and Load Testing
Your website can at times be subjected to undue load conditions and it should be fairly designed to work properly under such heavy load conditions. Hence it is important to conduct stress and load testing to test website stability under heavy load conditions.
#7. Site Monitoring
Regular downtimes can lessen the trust of your users on your website. Hence it is important to observe your website to test for downtime automatically.
#8. Conversion Rate Testing
Dealing with the testing of how to convert more visitors into customers, this has become the favorite website testing of the present-day world.
#9. Security Testing
Websites are prone to hacking; hence testing their security is at most important.
#10. Spelling and Grammar Checking
Spelling and grammar mistakes can have a bad impression for your brand, so thoroughly check your content for spelling and grammar errors.

Techniques to reduce your website testing efforts

Some of the techniques that you can imply to reduce your testing efforts are:

• Automated testing

With automated testing, you can save a lot of time manually executing every test case and can further spend that time innovating better ways to enhance your testing efforts.

• Mobile emulators and simulators

Since there are huge chances of people browsing your website through mobile devices, you need to test your website in various mobile devices and operating systems.
This can be a very tiring task to test your website on hundreds of available mobile devices, operating systems, and combustion of both. And hence an easy way out is to use mobile emulators and simulators.

• Live web testing

Live web testing allows you to debug a website on various browsers and operating system combinations instantly available in the Cloud.

Website Testing Tips

Here are some website testing tips to get better results:

1) Integrate Exploratory Testing with Conventional Testing Techniques

Exploratory testing has a few shortcomings. You can simply overcome these by assimilating exploratory testing with other testing methods.

It helps in producing more reliable test results, and significantly reducing the time for testing.

2) Don’t miss on Sanity testing – it’s important!

Sanity testing can immensely help you in validating the functions and features of your website in a reduced time.

3) Validate All Third-Party Applications, Plug-ins, and Extensions

Test if the extensions and plug-ins are completely compatible with the web application and also detect the defects in them. Remember they can adversely affect the performance of your website.

4) Automate the chatbox testing

Chatbot testing has to be done in different testing environments and also the coordination among the bots needs to be rigorously tested.

This can be a painstaking task and hence it is better to automate chatbox testing efforts.

 5) Keep URL String Unalterable

Hackers have the ability to alter URL strings to access sensitive information or to redirect your site to some malicious link.

Try to keep your URL string unalterable to avoid any chances of malicious activities.

6) Test with a hacker’s IQ

Try testing your website with the intent of a hacker and try finding to hack a website with minimal resistance for best results.

7) Be a Part of the Development Team

With the increasing adaptation of Agile methodology and DevOps learn to work in coordination with developers, business analysts, and customers.

Website Testing Tools

Here are a few website testing tools that can decrease your testing efforts considerably.

1. SoapUI
2. TestingWhiz
3. SOAPSonar
4. SOAtest
5. TestMaker
6. Postman
7. vRest
8. HttpMaster
9. Runscope
10. Rapise
11. WebInject
12. Storm

Conclusion

Websites are different from desktop software, so treat them differently and follow website testing methodology to get the best testing results.  They are seamlessly integrating and interacting with other software around the globe. So testing is important as lot is at stake.

The post Website Testing Guide: How to Test a Website? appeared first on Testbytes.

Players may assume the roles of heroes and villains in this vast experiment, exploring virtual realms and facing off against pixelated adversaries.

But the game is more than just about defeating dragons and looting dazzling objects.

No, there’s a lot more to it than that! During playtesting, game designers anxiously watch these brave players and take notes on every movement, emotion, and victorious or frustrated grunt they make.

It’s an exciting moment to find the player experience’s buried gems and track down elusive bugs that hide in the code’s deepest crevices.

So muster up your bravery, my fellow explorers, because playtesting is the forging ground where games are created and legends are born!

What is Playtesting?

Playtesting is a commonly used testing technique for games. This quality control method repeats itself at many points of the gaming application/software design process.

A nominated group of players play on-going versions of a game to find failings in the game, and to discover bugs and gaming glitches. It also focuses on describing out the unclear points, increasing fun features or decreasing boredom, etc.

Playtesting is a very generic technique for testing gaming apps and software. It has become an important part of the gaming software’s design phase.

The expectations of the gamers have made the designers consider end-users’ feedback at every stage of designing.

It helps to ensure that the final version of the game is as per the end user’s expectations.

What are the different types of playtesting?

Playtests are done at four points during the design process:

• Gross Playtesting: It includes the group of testers who test the most basic running model of the gaming app, they look out for the basic faults in the gameplay. The design team involved in the designing of the game itself play tests the game.
• In-House Playtesting: it is carried out by contracted play testers or people of the company. To find more glitches in gameplay and formulate the game for broader testing, In-House playtesting is done.
• Blind Testing: the group of testers who have no prior experience with the game tests the app during blind testing. The testing by end users detects many faults that are often missed by professionals.
• Final Playtesting: it is the last phase of playtesting, and is done before the game launch. This playtesting version is close to the final version of the game.

The playtesters have an important role in improving the game, and hence they are paid for the work.

And this pay is even higher when it is done in the earlier phases when the game is in more technical stages.

Playtesting in Video games

In video games, playtesting introduces the game to the audience during the development phase to collect their feedback and design flaws.

It ensures that the game will be commercially feasible upon release. It is very different from Quality Assurance (QA) testing, which aims at finding software bugs and not to identify their commercial feasibility.

Role-playing games

Role-playing games focus on the game’s mechanics and flow of the game. The feedback from players helps developers to adjust and alter the mechanics as per the final audience’s expectations.

Other games

Playtesting plays an important role in all other types of games, in deciding the mechanism, game flow, content, and visual appearance of the game.

It helps in delivering the game as per the user’s expectations so that the game is commercially viable when launched and does not end up being just a flop.

Playtesting can be carried out in either a traditional manner or using automated techniques.

The Traditional Way of Playtesting

Playtesting is conducted to recognize the player’s experience. The gaming process is categorized into three parts.

1. Creation: designers use their imagination to create perfect graphics to justify the theme.
2. Balancing: designers take help of other people or playtesting companies to ensure the game is challenging and modify their game and twist it to make it entertaining for everyone.
3. Release: the game is released in the marketing.

What is automated playtesting?

Automated systems and scripts are used in automated playtesting, a method of game creation that eliminates the need for human interaction in simulating and analyzing gaming situations.

It entails programming agents or bots to play the game in accordance with predetermined rules and patterns, enabling developers to collect information and get insights on different gameplay elements.

The benefits of automated playtesting include scalability, consistency, and the capacity to repeatedly recreate certain situations.

Developers can effectively evaluate the mechanics, balance, and performance of games as well as spot any possible flaws or problems by automating the testing process.

Automated playtesting also lessens human bias and allows game creators to swiftly examine vast amounts of data, allowing for more well-informed judgments throughout the game development process.

Why do you need an automated Playtest?

Balancing is a time-consuming process, where the designers have to wait for weeks to get playtesters’ reviews.

After getting the reviews again days are spent to alter the game. It is hence a very time-consuming process. And there arose a need for automated playtesting.

Benefits of Automated Playtesting

The main idea behind automated play testing is to let virtual playtesters test the game.

By running them over the cloud and using the power of artificial intelligence the task that used to take weeks to be done could now be done within a few minutes. Virtual playtesting help in recurrent feedback reports.

Read also : Top 23 Gaming Glitches of All Times [Full-List with Video]

Playtesting had many benefits for game designers, but automated playtesting increased these benefits even further.

Some of the major benefits are:

Better Quality Content

Automated playtesting results in faster feedback, which assists the designers to do more revisions to the gaming content and hence ensures better content at a much faster pace.

It ensures that the final content users get is as per the end-users expectations.

More In-depth and Constant Playtest

With human playtesting, you might get confused with varied feedback. Due to the human factor, you ought to get different feedback from different.

This creates confusion for the designers and hence controls the best alterations. In automated play testing, such situations are wisely taken care of.

A QA (Quality Assurance) Byproduct

The automated playtesting also assists to find bugs and ensures that new features do not hinder the remaining game. It increases the games’ quality as a whole.

Disadvantages of Playtesting

Playtesting has many benefits, but one of the biggest risks that come along with playtesting is the fear of its leak to the internet even before its release.

Though there are ways to prevent this. If the game is not leaked, details can still be leaked.

Though manual playtesting is a very slow process and can delay the release date of the game.

But it has been taken care of by introducing automated play testing which is comparatively faster.

Since automation is costly, automated playtesting cannot be deployed by all the gaming agencies.

Tips For Better Playtesting

• Create a comfortable and distraction-free playtesting environment.
• Do not disregard user recommendations and comments because they are difficult to implement or would raise the game’s budget. Be honest and modest!
• Playtesting may be done at any time. As soon as you have a working prototype of the game, you can give players access to it so they can provide insightful feedback and help you make quick changes. Early testing also gives you information that you may utilize to validate your game’s design later on.
• You can be infatuated with the game you made. However, if a player has any reservations about any component of the game, they should consult with other players and take the appropriate action.
• You already know what your game’s main element of engagement is. What if some players find the game’s other features to be more interesting? Finding it out can be very effective in enhancing the game as well as in marketing.
• Avoid having in-depth discussions with people who are playing the game since it will sway their opinions.
• While playtesting, capture their gaming session. It can reveal a lot.
• Make a survey rather than recording user feedback.
• Allow the user to abandon the game if they become tired of it. Never force someone to play a game simply because you paid for it. Make sure you ask them what’s wrong if they find it uninteresting.
• Make sure your team includes people who are not simply professional gamers.
• Take note of common pain points, frustrations, and positive aspects mentioned by playtesters.
• Iterate and make changes based on the feedback received, aiming to improve the overall game experience.
• Collect both quantitative and qualitative data to gain a comprehensive understanding of the player experience.

Conclusion:

Play testing is an important process of gaming development; it focuses on altering the game as per the expectations of its end users. A designated group of end-users tests the game to find unclear points, increasing fun features or decreasing boredom, etc.
Play testing increases the chances of the game to be accepted by its end users and be liked by them. After play testing there are few chances that game will be disowned by its users.

Exclusive Bonus: Download PDF

The post What is PlayTesting? How to Get Good Feedback For Your Game? appeared first on Testbytes.

How does Artificial Intelligence work?

• AI works by merging big data sets with iterative processing algorithms and with intelligence to learn from features and patterns in the dataset that AI systems Analyze.
• Each time an AI system performs a data cycle, it checks and measures its performance and gains additional knowledge.
• AI science aims to create computer systems that can simulate human behaviour to solve complex problems using human-like thought processes.
• AI systems use different technologies and different methods and processes to achieve this goal.

AI helps to access and manage the computing resources to train, test, and deploy AI algorithms and is playing a essential role in the software industry which also includes software testing. Testing is the basic activity aimed at detecting and solving technical issues in the software source code and assessing the overall product usability, performance, security, and compatibility. It’s not only the main part of quality assurance; it is also an integral part of the software development process.

Since AI has the ability of mimicking human intelligence, the penetration of AI in testing is on the rise.

Evolution of AI in Software Testing

According to the World Quality Report 2019-2020, it is stated that AI-based testing is on the rise, and to make testing smarter, more effective, and more efficient, organizations are adopting AI-based tooling and processes in software testing. Typically, the application of AI in software testing will make the entire testing process faster, clearer, easier, and budgeted. Therefore, AI-based testing will provide a strategic platform where software testers can leverage AI and take the testing process to a new level and thus deliver more quality results to businesses.

The paradigm of software testing has evolved significantly over the past two decades. Right from manual testing to automation testing, where selenium is considered to be one of the finest test automation tools, the testing journey has been quite encouraging. However, in today’s fast-paced IT world, the domain of software testing has to come up with innovative and well-researched testing methodologies.

AI algorithms can completely mimic human intelligence, and ML allows computers to learn automatically without any human intervention. Interestingly, AI and ML involve the development of unique and specific algorithms that can access data learn from that data by extracting patterns to make decisions, and these predictions are to be used in software testing effectively.

Read Also: Personality Analysis of Software Testers A Scientific Approach

Benefits of AI in Software Testing

1. Reduced Test Flakiness
By automating repetitive tasks and using algorithms to detect bugs and issues, AI helps to speed up the testing process and improve the accuracy of results. This means all the software can be tested more efficiently and effectively, saving time and resources while ensuring a higher-quality product.

2. Better Test Coverage
Artificial intelligence has the potential to automate manual tests and identify issues quickly, reducing the time required to detect bugs and errors. By automating testing activities and reducing human error, AI can help you deliver better quality software more quickly.

3. Faster Feedback Time
AI helps in faster detection of bugs in the product. Early detection results in improved product quality since the developers receive faster feedback about the product. Accelerated feedback time also improves developer productivity since issues are reported at a faster pace. The impact of AI-based testing multiplies by a huge margin when the tests are run in Continuous Integration pipeline.

4. Faster Test Script Generation
Codeless AI testing is significantly faster than either manual testing or traditional automated solutions, as testers save time generating code. This allows companies to increase their ability to run tests and deploy more quickly.

What is AI-based Testing?

AI-based testing is a software testing technique in which AI and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to effectively test a software product.

Machine learning is one of the key techniques we use to achieve this. It forms the basis for many AI systems, but not all. AI and machine learning in software testing deliver better and more effective automation, relieving teams of the burden of repeating and refining testing.

Many software testing methods are now powered by Artificial Intelligence .The objective of AI-based testing is to make the testing process smarter and highly effective. With the inclusion of AI and ML in testing, logical reasoning and problem-solving methods can be applied to improve the overall testing process.

Moreover, enterprises are rushing towards tools that can leverage AI and ML algorithms and can be used for testing the software effectively. It has also been seen that businesses get many benefits from AI-based testing as it will enable faster and continuous testing, complete automation without any human intervention.

Read Also: AI and Bots: Are They The Future of Software Testing?

Some of the benefits of leveraging AI in software testing:

1. Visual validation:–

It helps to make sure that all the visual elements are engaging and can function properly. Improved accuracy: with the advent of AI in automation testing, repetitive tasks are handled more effectively and the results are recorded more accurately. AI has pattern recognition and image recognition capabilities that together help to detect visual bugs by performing visual testing on applications. It helps to make sure that all the visual elements are engaging and can function properly.

2. Improved accuracy:–                                                                                 

Through machine learning, AI helps to generate test data where testers can feed the data into an AI machine allowing it to perform various tests at every stage without the need for manual testing hence improving the reliability and security of the software.

In the manual testing method, the chances of human-prone errors are high, especially in situations of repetitive tasks. Automation testing helps in removing these human-prone errors. Thus, AI helps in removing the minute chances of errors and improves the overall accuracy of tests.

3. Better test coverage:–

AI in testing increases the test coverage as it can check the file contents, data tables, memories, and internal program states seamlessly. Saves time, money, and efforts: Software tests need to be repeated whenever there is an instance of change being made in the source code. AI in testing increases the test coverage as it can check the file contents, data tables, memories, and internal program states seamlessly. It also helps to determine if the program works as expected and delivers effective test coverage.

4. Saves time, money, and efforts:-

Software tests need to be repeated whenever there is an instance of change being made in the source code. Manually this becomes time-consuming and takes a lot of effort from testers. But, with AI-driven tests, repetitive tasks are handled properly, quickly, and efficiently.

5. Faster time-to-market:–

AI uses a set of algorithms to analyze software functions and identify errors through automated testing, thus minimizing the headaches of repetitive software testing tasks (such as regression tests), improving accuracy, and accordingly shortening time to market. AI-driven tests support continuous testing, and thus products are released faster which helps businesses go early-to-market.

6. Reduces defects:–

AI-driven tests support continuous testing, and thus products are released faster which helps businesses go early-to-market. AI in testing helps in early and fast bug identification, which ultimately reduces the defects and makes the product bug-free, and reliable for end-users.

What are the 4 main categories of AI-driven testing tools?

1. Differential tools:-

Helps test different versions of similar applications. Carries out a comparison to understand differences, versions overbuilds and learn from classification feedback. Visual: Image-based testing needs visual validation. Differences are classified and application versions over each build are compared in this type of testing.

Tools leveraging AI and ML algorithms aim to proactively and automatically identify code quality issues, regressions, security vulnerabilities, and more. This is done through code scanning, unit test automated creations, and more. If your team lacks skills to address the above objectives or does not have the time to continuously address these tasks, consider some of these options. The outcome will be faster releases, improved quality through fewer escaped defects, and better productivity for developers. Some of the tools under this category are:

• Launchable:

Launchable is based on an ML algorithm that predicts the likelihood of failure for each test based on past runs and whenever the source code changes under test. This tool lets the user record the test suite so that tests that are likely to fail are run first. One can choose this tool to run a dynamic subset of tests that are likely to fail, thereby reducing a long-running test suite to a few minutes.

It looks at code automatically upon a code pull request and performs a kind of code impact analysis that adapts to the recent code changes. It then selects only the most relevant subset of your regression suite to save time to approve the code changes and integrate them into the pipeline.

•  Google OSS-Fuzz:

It is a fuzz testing tool that aims to make common open-source software more secure, stable, and reliable. This tool combines modern fuzzing techniques with scalable and distributed execution. This tool supports C/C++, Rust, Go, and Python code.

• Facebook Infer:

Facebook’s Infer project also enables better code quality through its AI algorithm. The AI engine from Facebook can automatically find null pointer exceptions, memory leaks, concurrency race conditions, and more in Android and Java code. Similarly, it can also find the same issues together with wrong coding conventions or unavailable APIs in C, C++, and iOS/Objective C code.

• DiffBlue:

DiffBlue connects into your source control repository (Git, Perforce, etc.) and creates a base line of unit testing automatically through AI. Once a regression is found, a flag will be thrown reporting the issue. The motivation for DiffBlue to create their solution was mostly to improve code quality by helping developers who do not like to own test creation.

Read Also: Software Testing Latest Trends & Technology in 2023

2. Visual AI testing tools

Visual testing is a software testing technique in which the look and feel of an application is tested by leveraging image-based learning and screen comparisons. With pattern and image recognition capabilities together, it helps detect visual bugs to test the look and feel of an application.

Visual AI testing tools address the pain of constant changes made to the UI (user Interface) layer together with an ever-growing number of platforms, screen sizes, and configurations that make testing coverage a nightmare for test engineers and developers. With the ever-growing number of platforms that vary in screen sizes and have different configurations, it has become a tedious task for test engineers and developers to effectively test the UI layer.

Also, the UI layer experiences constant changes from time-to-time as businesses wish to provide a better user experience. Therefore, today there is a dire need for visual AI testing tools that effectively test all variations of these UI layers.

Some AI/ML tools that fall into this category are:

• Applitools
• Percy.io

1. Applitools:

This is an AI-powered visual testing and monitoring platform. This has been named a next-generation test automation platform powered by Visual AI. The major features include Applitools Eyes which helps to increase test coverage and reduce maintenance. The Ultrafast grid helps with cross-browser and cross-device testing and accelerates functional and visual testing by 30 times. This Applitools platform integrates with all modern test frameworks and works with many existing testing tools like Selenium, Appium, Cypress, etc.

2. Percy by BrowserStack:

It is an all-in-one visual review platform that comes with amazing features such as pixel-by-pixel diffs, responsive diffs, and snapshot stabilization. This tool allows cross-browser rendering, high-speed rendering, and has parallelization capabilities. Percy helps teams automate visual testing. This Browserstack tool is used to typically capture screenshots and compare them against the baselines and display visual changes. It increases the visual coverage and helps teams to deploy code changes with confidence.

3. Declarative tools

Declarative tools have different use cases from the others but still aim to enhance test automation productivity and stability. Declarative tools that leverage ML and AI have significant abilities related to NLP, DSL, RPA, and MBTA methods. The common ground between the methods is to eliminate tedious, error-prone, repetitive actions through smart automation. While in this category we list RPA, this specific method is not solely around automation of testing, but also around automation of processes and tasks done manually.

These tools aim to enhance test automation productivity and stability. These tools leverage AI and ML and have significant abilities related to Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Model-based Test Automation (MBTA), and Autonomous Testing Methods (AT). The main aim of these methods is to eliminate tedious, error-prone, repetitive tasks through smart automation. Some of the tools that fall under this category are:

Focusing on declarative testing, we can take as an example tools like:

• Functionize
• Tricentis
• UIPath Test Suite
• Automation Anywhere

1. Functionize:
Especially Functionize, specify leveraging NLP to create test automation scripts without any coding skills or development languages.

The major benefits of this tool type are as follows

Fast test automation creation.
No coding skills are required.                                                                                    Faster maintenance of test automation scenarios.

2. Tricentis:
This is an AI-driven, next-gen automation testing tool that allows Agile and DevOps teams to rapidly achieve test automation goals. It allows teams to go beyond continuous testing with AI. It allows automating end-to-end testing of software applications. This tool combines multiple aspects of software testing (test case design, test automation, test data design and generation, and analytics) to test GUIs and APIs from a business perspective.

3. UiPath Test Suite:
This is the latest Test Suite that can be used to automate and centralize the testing process and helps to launch resilient robots and ensures high-quality of every automation. The UiPath Test Suite consists of UiPath Studio Pro, UiPath Test Manager, and UiPath Orchestrator. Thus, UiPath test Suite can be used to automate tests in UiPath Studio Pro with drag and drop interfaces, helps to manage tests with UiPath Test Manager, and also helps to execute tests witn UiPath Orchestrator. Therefore, UiPath Test Suite is helping businesses with a 360 degree testing and is helping RPA developers to build more, test better, and fix never.

4. Automation Anywhere:
These types of tools should solve problems for the right persona depending on the skillset available.

4. Self-healing tools

Apply AI to testing to identify when a function has changed. Then, the test can automatically update itself to be relevant and not fail during execution. Element selection in tests is auto-corrected when the UI changes.

Code-based test automation is by nature less stable. It requires tuning constantly per platform or environment, and its entire foundation is the application objects. These objects tend to either change every few weeks, or worst case they are used inefficiently (e.g. XPATH vs. Object ID, etc.).

Some of the tools are as simple as a web browser plugin installation (Mabl, Testim). Some tools that assist in test maintenance with machine learning are richer in their abilities and are integrated into an end-to-end continuous testing solution (Perfecto, Tricentis).

• Perfecto
• Mabl

At the heart of these tools there is a ML algorithm that upon each execution and in between them “learns” the website and/or application under test. It scores the element locators from each screen in the app based on reliability and probability to be found successfully.

Code-based test automation is by nature less stable. It requires tuning constantly per platform or environment, and its entire foundation is the application objects. These objects tend to either change every few weeks, or worst case they are used inefficiently (e.g. XPATH vs. Object ID, etc.).

In automation tests, the problem of flakiness, reliability, and maintenance issues persist, and this is one of the main reasons why AI and ML have been introduced in test automation. To overcome these problems, self-healing tools have been developed that are mostly based on a record and playback mechanism, wherein the main ML engine resides in the self-healing of the recorded scripts. Some of the tools that fall under this category are:

• Mabl:
  It is the leading intelligent test automation platform built for CI/CD. Mabl crawls your app screens and begins to run default tests that are common for most applications. It also uses ML algorithms to improve test execution and defect detection.
• Testim:
  This tool uses AI and ML algorithms to automate testing to its full extent. AI is used to speed up the authoring, execution, and maintenance of the tests. Testim includes self-maintenance of automated tests that are ML-based. This results in the fast authoring of stable automated tests.

Best Practices for Testing AI Applications:

Assess Information Technology infrastructure

Successful execution of an AI strategy requires discipline and the best practices listed here. Responses may also contribute to adoption. Consider the use of resources in terms of the time, cost, complexity, and skill set required to build an AI model and demonstrate a business case.

Determine the use cases

Determine how the peers and competitors have strongly deployed AI platforms. Look for suppliers with a solid track record to mitigate risk. They talk to stakeholders about the utilization cases and the benefits of implementing AI.

Also, use AI accelerators from popular cloud service providers (CSPs), which may already be included in BPM (Business Process Management), RPA (Robotic Process Management), DMS (Document Management System), and iPaas (Integration Platform as a Services) platforms. Working with stakeholders and educating them on how to use AI solutions increases their likelihood of use and drives adoption across the organization.

Search for relevant use cases for the optimized deployment of artificial intelligence in each of the following areas:

• Machine learning (ML)
• Natural language processing (NLP)
• Natural language understanding (NLU)
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Chatbots

Learn how your competitors and peers have successfully deployed AI platforms. Look for vendors with a reliable track record to reduce risk. Consult with stakeholders on your use cases and the advantages of implementing AI.  Also, leverage AI accelerators from prominent cloud service providers (CSPs) that may already be included within your LCAP, DMS, BPM, RPA, and iPaaS platforms. By working with your stakeholders and teaching them how to use your AI solution, the more likely they are to use it, driving organization-wide adoption.

Understand the Raw Data

Insufficient data may lead to misrepresented results and AI implementation failure. If you can comprehend the raw data, garner your business experts’ assistance to access a detailed interpretation. Comb through the data to ensure there aren’t any typos, missing components, skewed labels, and other errors. Ensure your data samples contain every element you need to analyze. Incomplete data may cause misleading represented results and AI execution failure. Ensure that the sample data contains all the elements required for analysis.

Losing focus on the raw data can lead to skewed results and loss of confidence on the machine learning models. If you do not understand the data, get help from business experts to gain a full understanding of the story the raw data is telling you. Analyze it to ensure that there are no missing values, incorrect labels, or typos and check that the sample contains the full spectrum of all users that you wish to analyze.

Also, consider the relationship between data labels and values that you are trying to predict based on dependent data and ensure that there is no biased data (data favoring a particular result). While analyzing the raw data, you will get an understanding of the limitations of your data set and model. This will help you communicate the scope and limitations of your predictions based on the pattern of the data to your stakeholders.

Train the models

You will need high-quality historical data to train your ML models. Use AutoML engines to build image, speech, video, and natural language, recognition models. With AutoML engines, any user can upload their images and automatically create an ML model using a drag-and-drop interface. Essentially, it imports data, tags the data, and trains the model. The best part is that an AutoML engine manages all the complicated work for you.

Training an ML model requires high-quality historical data. Generate natural language recognition, image, video, and speech using the Auto Machine Learning engine (AutoML). The AutoML engine allows users to upload images and automatically generate ML models using a drag-and-drop interface. Import the data, label the data and train the model. The best part is that the AutoML engine takes care of all the hard work.

Measure and record the results

You should experiment with artificial intelligence, but you should also incorporate disciplined tracking, monitoring, and measurement at every step using a critical approach. Also, it’s essential to continually audit your deployment to ensure it consistently aligns with your business objectives. Changing your strategy is more effective than accepting failure.

Continue testing your models and predictions to drive further improvements where necessary. Keep your data clean, and retain a master raw data set to use for every testing round. You can also use your master data set to test modified use cases. Monitor your model for potential risks and issues. Don’t forget to add time for managing any unexpected problems. While performing AI tests, one should also incorporate measurement, precise tracking, and monitoring using a complex approach throughout the action.

Also, it is essential to continuously check the deployment to ensure it is frequently coordinated with the business objectives.

Guide the team and cooperate

Artificial intelligence continues to get better, but it still requires the correct data. The issue is it’s difficult to find data science experts. Therefore, invest in continuing education for your stakeholders. Add to your training initiatives by creating an environment where collaboration is part of the culture. A crucial factor for AI implementation success is change management.

Create short-term and long-term objectives of what you expect to achieve using predictive analytics and then machine learning and then natural language processing and on down the AI list. Map out how each deployment affects each business line and how it enhances your employee workflows AI continues to improve, but it still needs relevant data. The problem is that it is difficult to find data science experts. Therefore, invest in further participatory education.

Admit all the wins

Celebrate every win, and involve every executive and stakeholder. Try to complete your projects within or before 12 weeks to encourage continued engagement. As you learn from each successful project, you can scale AI across more business lines and company locations. Use your goals as success benchmarks, and focus on your results. When focusing on the outcome, keep in mind that AI platforms can take structured and unstructured data sets.

Finally, using best practices for implementing AI requires a long-term perspective. Remember that AI deployment is a marathon and not a spring. Understand what AI is currently capable of executing, and be realistic about your timelines and your expectations.

Conclusion:-

A better understanding of the differences between AI and human intelligence is needed to better prepare for the future in which AI will have the most profound effect on our lives. With the advent of AI in software testing, businesses are now able to achieve faster tests and reliable products. Leverage next-gen AI-based testing services by next-gen testing services provider to get faster and quality releases with more efficiency and accuracy.

There are best practices for implementing AI in companies like Assessing IT infrastructure, determining the use cases, understanding the data, training, and measuring the records. An AI application needs to be tested for functionality and system levels. It is similar to testing of traditional software in aspects of test planning, test modelling, test design, and execution. Testing of an AI system becomes more challenging and function test quality evaluation becomes an integral part of AI application testing.

The post Strategies for Testing in AI Applications Best Practices and Key Considerations appeared first on Testbytes.

A posture assessment is one of several procedures that must be completed in order to advance the cybersecurity maturity level.

A company must have a strong cybersecurity system in place or else its security is at danger.

Most firms are now very concerned about data breaches, cyberattacks, and online dangers, therefore they are devoting time and resources to assessing their cybersecurity posture.

However, there are several cybersecurity techniques and providers accessible, which makes it challenging and confusing for a firm to choose one.

Before moving on, let’s take a closer look at the definition of posture evaluation.

What is Security Posture Assessment?

A Security Posture Assessment (SPA) is a thorough assessment of the entire security posture of an organization.

It entails examining and evaluating several facets of a company’s security procedures, policies, and practices in order to identify weaknesses, dangers, and potential areas for development.

An organization’s security controls, procedures, and tactics are evaluated in order to learn more about their efficacy and resilience.

It assists in identifying areas of vulnerability in the security infrastructure and offers suggestions for risk reduction, security measure improvement, and alignment with industry best practices and compliance standards.

Several areas may be assessed as part of a security posture assessment, including:

• Network security include examining the organization’s firewalls, routers, and other network components for holes in their setup, possible entry points for unauthorized users, and other vulnerabilities.
• System security is assessing the security settings and configurations of workstations, servers, operating systems, databases, and other crucial systems to spot weaknesses and possible security holes.
• Application security is the process of evaluating the safety of software, online, and mobile apps to spot weaknesses like poor input validation, weak authentication, or unsafe coding techniques.
•  Analyzing physical access restrictions, security guards, surveillance systems, and other physical security measures to find gaps that might permit illegal entry or other breaches.
•  Analyzing the organization’s methods for protecting data, such as data categorization, encryption, access restrictions, steps to stop data leaking, and backup and recovery processes.
• Reviewing the organization’s security policies, incident response plans, disaster recovery plans, and employee awareness initiatives to make sure they are thorough, current, and well stated. Security Policies and Procedures.
• Assessing the organization’s compliance with key security laws, industry standards, and regulatory requirements can help you find any gaps and make sure you’re in compliance.
• Evaluation of the efficiency of security awareness programs and training given to workers to make sure they have the information and abilities to adhere to secure practices.

A thorough report detailing the findings, vulnerabilities, and suggestions for enhancing the organization’s security posture is often produced after the evaluation.

The report may be used as a road map for putting security improvements into practice, for prioritizing remediation initiatives, and for boosting overall security resilience.

What are the different security postures?

Security postures describe the overarching strategy and mentality that an organization employs in relation to security. Several typical security postures are listed below:

Permissive Posture: In a permissive posture, companies put user comfort and ease of use ahead of strict security measures.

Users should be able to do their duties with the fewest limitations possible, which often leads to laxer security precautions.

This stance may be dangerous since it might make you more susceptible to intrusions and breaches.

Defensive: Taking a defensive stance places a significant emphasis on security procedures and controls that guard against possible dangers.

Multiple layers of security measures, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, access restrictions, and encryption, must be put in place.

The emphasis is on limiting hazards and preventing illegal access.

Resilient posture: A resilient posture highlights the company’s capacity to tolerate and bounce back from security catastrophes.

It entails putting in place reliable backup and recovery systems, redundancy safeguards, and disaster recovery strategies.

The main objectives are to reduce downtime, ensure company continuity, and swiftly resume regular operations.

Agile Posture: Adopting an agile posture entails modifying security controls and procedures to keep up with quickly changing threats and technology.

It places a strong emphasis on adaptability and the capacity to act rapidly in the face of new security threats.

Continuous monitoring, threat information collection, and quick deployment of security updates and fixes are often components of this posture.

Risk-Aware Posture: Adopting a risk-aware posture is being aware of and skillfully handling security threats.

Organizations adopting this stance carry out thorough risk assessments, rank security expenditures according to risk categories, and put in place the necessary controls and mitigation techniques.

The emphasis is on striking a balance between risk management and corporate goals.

collaborative posture: A collaborative posture entails actively involving internal and external stakeholders in order to improve security.

It involves encouraging information sharing and cooperation with partners, developing a culture of security awareness, and integrating staff in security procedures and decision-making.

The goal is to instill security awareness within the company.

Organizations that value privacy rights and the protection of personal information adopt a privacy-focused stance.

This stance requires developing robust data protection safeguards, privacy policies, and consent processes in accordance  data protection legislation like GDPR, LGPD, PIPEDA, and CCPA as well as industry-specific regulations like GLBA, FISMA, CPS 234, the NYDFS Cybersecurity Regulation, and HIPAA,

Strategy for improving Security posture assessment

For improving the posture, you should have a tool in place which can do the following:

• The tool you deployed must define your inventory inside the company.
• The tool must be able to screen all the IT assets for all significant risks, including phishing, obsolete or unpatched software, malware, SQL injection, and others.
• The tool should provide analytics from which to make references.
• A critical level for these flaws should be established based on the degree of vulnerability it introduces into the system.
• clearly state the security posture assessment’s goals. Identify the security infrastructure, policies, and procedures that need evaluation and improvement. To monitor progress, set quantifiable objectives and success criteria.
• Make sure the evaluation addresses all pertinent security topics, such as network security, system security, application security, physical security, data security, and compliance needs. Gather information by using a mix of automated tools, manual testing, interviews, and documentation reviews.
• Following a posture assessment, the system should be constantly monitored for new vulnerabilities.
• Create a dedicated staff that will routinely maintain a security posture evaluation. If a certain crew will be looking at it, maintenance will be simple.
• Participate important stakeholders in the evaluation process. This comprises the IT staff, the security teams, the management, the legal and compliance teams, and other pertinent departments. Their participation and cooperation will provide insightful information and aid in identifying important areas for development.
• Utilize well-established security frameworks and standards, such as the CIS Controls, ISO 27001, or the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. These frameworks give best practices for putting security controls in place and offer a systematic method for evaluating security postures.
• Make sure the assessment report contains concise, doable suggestions for correcting found weaknesses and vulnerabilities. Give best practices, instructions, and comprehensive processes for remediation. Adjust the advice to the organization’s unique situation, resources, and competencies.
• Create a thorough remediation plan that specifies the procedures, deadlines, and accountable parties for carrying out the suggested security changes. Set goals, assign resources, and prioritize projects to keep track of.
• Consider hiring outside security consultants or experts to undertake impartial analyses and provide unbiased viewpoints. The efficacy of the evaluation may be increased by the specific expertise, experience, and impartial viewpoints of outside specialists.
• Promoting a solid security culture among the staff may go a long way toward preventing these occurrences. Employee awareness and education can help them to avoid clicking on harmful links, which will help to reduce the frequency of phishing assaults.

Planning a strategy for robust posture assessment

You should know how to have an effective strategy for making your system more robust and cyber-attack defensive.

The security posture assessment professionals have a very difficult task on their shoulders. They must establish the priorities of attacks that need to be dealt with first.

You should always know how to manage and mistake in case any cyber-security risk comes into your organization. Proper governance and having proper cyber-security programs in the organization will make sure that how planning a strategy is important.

It is always to identify the sensitive information because safeguarding them at any cost should be a part of our strategy. IT teams should regularly perform vulnerability scanning, phishing simulations, and penetration testing to minimize security thefts and increase the posture assessment level.

There are different frameworks for improving posture assessment. OCTAVE is one of the frameworks which is widely used.
It is an operational critical threat, asset and vulnerability evaluation which is useful for an organization that knows the major gaps and know how to fill these.

Another framework is FAIR which means Factor analysis of information risk. Last is the NIST RMF framework which should be implemented in case you avoid the first two frameworks due to compatibility issues. Risk assessment is a mandatory step in all the three frameworks and continuous assessments are a core part of the cyber-security level analysis.

Phases involved in Security posture assessment
Planning Phase: Validating the scope of the assessment, resource identification, stakeholders identification, developing a work-plan, etc. happens in this phase.
Documentation review: All the documents that are required to commence testing will be reviewed in this phase.
Assessment: Internet exposure, on-site audit, findings, analysis and -defining  cyber-security posture will be carried over in this phase
Reporting: All the deliverable will be listed in the report

When does your company need a cybersecurity posture assessment?

• If you wish to know the current status of the cybersecurity
• For implementing correct and mandatory cybersecurity measures
• If you wish to have a detailed analysis to check on the vulnerabilities
• Your company defensive system against cyber attacks is not up to the mark
• if you wish to get ROI on you cybersecurity measures
• If there is any kind of integration happening

Tips to improve your cyber-security posture

• Have a real-time updatable inventory of the IT assets of your company
• Continuous monitoring of IT assets and expose the system to planned cyber and see how the defensive mechanism is
• Analyze the result and do a proper risk assessment and mark the vulnerability points
• Once improved start from the first periodically

Conclusion

So, we learned how the organization used to ignore these threats and that lead to a drastic loss.

To safeguard your data and maintain cybersecurity have a robust and high-level cybersecurity posture assessment in place.

This is going to act as a barrier for your product, assets, and organizations. Start making your strategy today and make your organization risk free.

The post What is Security Posture Assessment? appeared first on Testbytes.

So much to an extent where the role of the tester has completely changed! With the coming in of the PDO (Product Driven Organization) structure, there are no more testers and developers but only full-stack engineers.

Bottom line is testing still needs to be done.

Who does that? How does it fit in the 2-week agile sprint? Is manual testing even possible in such a short time?

The Answer

To start with, the scope for manual testing has reduced. Agree to it or not. This is what happens in real-life scenarios. Since testing is still a task on our User Stories, it needs to be completed. Most teams take the help of automation tools.

Now here is the challenge, many small and even big companies are going to the open-source automation tools which give them the flexibility to customize as per their need without any investment.

There are several tools available for you to choose based on the kind of application you have like a web-based app or a mobile app or a desktop software etc.

Selenium

Selenium has established itself as the most popular web browser automation tool with support for most of the available browsers including Chrome, Mozilla, Opera, and Safari, etc. with equal ease and flexibility. It also supports scripting in several languages including Java, Python, and C#.

This enables even developers to write create and execute automation test cases through Selenium.

This is also an open-source tool that makes it more acceptable to companies.

This tool has become so popular because of the flexibility and controls it offers in execution the commands on the browser.

Multiple browser support means that we can use it for cross-browser testing as well.

There are several other advantages as well when it comes to Selenium.

Puppeteer

When it comes to web automation the most commonly used browser is Chrome which is from Google.

Now Puppeteer is a node.js library from Google as well, which gives you a high-level API control over Chrome and Chromium using the DevTools protocol. In simpler terms, being from the same parent gives it greater control and flexibility to work with Chrome.

With Puppeteer you can take a deep dive into Chrome functionalities easily which could be a challenge when it comes to other open-source automation tools.

Chai Mocha

Chai and Mocha are JavaScript frameworks that are commonly used together. Mocha is a simple testing framework that will allow you to execute a set of functions in sequence.

The results of these tests are displayed on the terminal window. While Chai is an assertion library that is used to validate the test case results.

By using Chai with Mocha the user can get the results in the required format.

This Chai Mocha framework is frequently used for unit testing by developers to perform tests and report results.

Hope you have got a basic understanding of these tools. Now let us see some comparative data for these 3 tools, to help you understand which one to choose for your need.

Let us see how the tools discussed here can help you with your testing tasks.

Hope this data comparison is helpful for you to decide which one to pick up for your team and project. My suggestion, if you are dealing with only Chrome then goes for Puppeteer.

But if you want your application to run across all platforms and you want it to be tested in multiple browsers and platforms Selenium would be the right choice.

With Selenium, the coding and tool expertise required is also limited, which means you can build up your team and competency faster.

So our personal choice is Selenium which offers more features and online support forums for guidance as well.
Take your pick.

The post Selenium vs Puppeteer vs Chai Mocha appeared first on Testbytes.

We provide introductory information about the  well as the source of the research papers for software testing, which is either free or paid.

There are very few libraries in the research area where research papers are accessible; some papers are protected by their authors; we can access the research paper by requesting or paying the appropriate amount. The impact of technology on our businesses is exciting and the opportunities for us are unlimited.

Here are some major trends for research parameters that are changing the face of software testing

1. Springer Nature:

Our very first platform that is useful for researchers is “Springer Nature”. Springer Nature is a publishing, educational, and research-based company. The company looks to provide resources primarily for researchers and scientists.

Springer Nature advances discovery by publishing trusted research, supporting the development of new ideas and championing open science. We are committed to playing our part in accelerating solutions to address the world’s urgent challenges.

There are some journals published by Springer that are specifically designed for software testers’ research. “Software Quality Journal“  and “Automated Software Engineering” are the journals where researchers can publish their research as well as some past researchers’ papers for reference. These journals are generally free to readers, but some papers are protected by the author; users can access the references after requesting access or paying access fees. For access to the Springer Nature Library, follow the link https://www.springernature.com/gp

Read Also: Personality Analysis of Software Testers A Scientific Approach

2. Clarivate

Web of Science is the world’s most powerful research engine, which is a subscription platform that gives access to many databases including reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other materials in a variety of academic subjects.

It was created by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is utilized for searching of a subject and cited references; for instance, it retrieves the articles that are cited by a reference article and also helps in the viewing of the references that are already cited in a relevant article.

Clarivate is the current owner which helps you collect and analyze information for insights you can easily act on. Under this, we can get the papers based on title or keywords. Based on software testing, the platform almost covers the majority of research for access to the Web of Science Library by using this link https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results.

3. Mendeley

“Mendeley” is a reference management programme that was established in 2007 by PhD students Paul Foeckler, Victor Henning, and Jan Reichelt and was purchased by Elsevier in 2013. It is used to organise and distribute research papers, as well as to produce bibliographies for scholarly works. Following the purchase, the Mendeley team expanded its product portfolio while iterating on its core reference management application. Mendeley can track reader numbers, which have been shown to predict citation impact, although journal-level metrics are poor indicators of dependability.

It covers a large dataset about software tester research publication for more explosions Login in Mendeley and access the trending subject as references. Mendeley is a free reference manager that can help you collect references, organize your citations, and create bibliographies which manage the software that helps to manage your research data in systematic way. Below is the link which helps the researcher easily to enter in mendeley https://www.mendeley.com/?interaction_required=true

Read Also: History of Software Testing Estimation Models for Cost Analysis

4. ResearchGate

“ResearchGate” is a commercial social networking service for academics and researchers around the world that allows them to exchange papers, ask and answer questions, and locate partners i. e. it discover scientific knowledge and stay connected to the world of science While viewing articles does not necessitate registration, site members must have an email address from a recognised university or be personally certified as published researchers.

The research gate shows the result based on the title and the keywords under the banner of ResearchGate, no specific journal is designed for software testing. For reference purposes, it covers a wide range of papers in the software testing domain and getting the papers based on the title and keywords do follow the following link https://www.researchgate.net/.

5. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

The “Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)” is a professional society for electronic and electrical engineering, which is an organization dedicated to advancing innovation and technological excellence for the benefit of humanity, is the world’s largest technical professional society. It is designed to serve professionals involved in all aspects of the electrical, electronic, and computing fields and related areas of science and technology that underlie modern civilization. The IEEE’s aim is to advance technology for the benefit of humanity.

The IEEE has some journals that are very useful for the domain of software testing. The journals are as follows: “IEEE Access”, “IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,” and “IEEE Software” are the three most popular journals that are useful for software tester research aspirants and there is IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation which is a set of basic test documents that are associated with the dynamic aspects of software testing that is, the execution of procedures and code.

The role of IEEE in current technology is to advance computer and information processing science and technology; promote professional interaction; and keep members up-to-date on the latest developments.  If you want to publish your article or need some standard papers for reference, go to IEEE and access them; some are free and some are subscription-based. We are providing the link for easy access https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp

6. Elsevier

“Elsevier” is a scientific, technical, and medical Publishing Corporation which takes a hand in shaping the future of knowledge with roles dedicated to delivering innovations and improvements to our platforms. Elsevier has Agile work flows embedded within the company which utilizes cutting-edge technological practices and focused on improving your technical skills, and they provide access to resources to help you progress.

Electronic and print editions of periodicals, text books, and reference works covering the health, life, physical, and social sciences are among the products and services offered. Academic and government research institutions, corporate research labs, booksellers, librarians, scientific researchers, authors, editors, physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, medical and nursing students and schools, medical researchers, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and research establishments are among the target markets. Following are the some standard Elsevier journals in the software testing domain:

1. “Security Controls Evaluation, Testing, and Assessment Handbook.”
2. “SDL ’97: Time for Testing”
3. “Practical Model-Based Testing”
4. “Usability Testing Essentials”:
For direct access to the Elsevier go through the link https://www.elsevier.com/en-in

Read Also: Software Testing Latest Trends & Technology in 2023

7. Semantic Scholar

“Semantic Scholar” is an artificial intelligence-powered scientific literature research tool created at the Allen Institute for AI and made public in November 2015. It makes use of improvements in natural language processing to produce scientific article summaries. Semantic Scholar is examined to locate primary papers of selected secondary studies and identify missing venues.

The proposed search strategy is used to check the ability to retrieve primary papers of each secondary study. The Semantic Scholar team is investigating the application of artificial intelligence in natural language processing, machine learning, human-computer interaction, software testing, and information retrieval.

Semantic Scholar summarises scientific literature in one statement. One of its goals was to overcome the difficulty of reading multiple titles and long abstracts on mobile devices. It also aims to guarantee that the three million scientific articles published each year reach readers. Basically, it is the collection of databases of all the types of research libraries available here; basically, it is domain-independent. We can search the article on this platform by applying some filters such as subject, domain, title, keywords, etc. We provide a link to Semantic Scholar for research aspirants to easily search any research article in any domain. https://www.semanticscholar.org/

8. ScienceDirect

“Science Direct” is a website that gives access to Elsevier’s enormous bibliographic collection of scientific and medical publications. It emphasizes developing a strategy for testing and validation and show how to design a testing and validation program that deliver information in a timely and cost effective manner.

Researchers, teachers, students, healthcare and information professionals use ScienceDirect to improve the way they search, discover, read, understand and share scholarly research.

ScienceDirect combines authoritative, full-text scientific, technical and health publications with smart, intuitive functionality so that users can stay informed in their fields and can work more effectively and efficiently. Article abstracts are freely available, but full text access usually needs a membership or pay-per-view payment, unless the material is freely available via open access.

The following journals are relevant to the software testing domain:

1. Advances in Computers
2. Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering
3. Journal of Systems and Software
4. Applied Soft Computing
5. Information and Software Technology
6. Information Sciences.

These journals are very useful for researchers in terms of publication and reference purposes; however, some articles in these journals are author-restricted and require access permission. We’ve included a link to ScienceDirect home page for your convenience https://www.sciencedirect.com/.

Get ready to quick access to check the remarkable software testing platforms

The software development industry has devolved into a front line. Every company wants its product to be the greatest and in order to make your product the greatest on the market; you must ensure that it is of the highest quality.

Conclusion

The primary goal of this blog is to provide a research sources used for references and to help aspiring researchers in their search for researchers.

The post Popular Websites to Find Software Testing Research Papers Free & Paid appeared first on Testbytes.

In this research blog, we discuss recent trending software testing topics that are being researched industriously around the world. The software industry goes through a lot of research and modified methodologies that keep the software quality top-notch for the end-user.

Read Also: Popular Websites to Find Software Testing Research Papers Free & Paid

We provide introductory information about the latest trending topic the exponential and unprecedented change in technology affects the way in which organizations develop, validate, deliver, and operate software. Hence, users must consistently innovate and restore themselves by finding the solution to optimize practices and research trends to develop and deliver high-quality software quickly. Along with these trends, there are testing solutions which have the potential to address the challenges in software testing.

Latest Technology Trends in Software Testing

Here are some major trends for research parameters that are changing the face of software testing:

1. QAOps

QAOps is an emerging practice that integrates QA (Quality Assurance) into the software delivery pipelines. It necessitates the QA team to work directly with the operations team and the development team. We can attain this by integrating QA procedures, automation, and a QA reporting dashboard with the software development cycle as shown in following figure.

• Working with multiple teams allows you to learn and experience how different teams work. It also allows you to improve your skill level in a variety of areas. QAOps entail testing the product or a specific component of the product as soon as the update is incorporated, so the QA team does not have to wait for a new build. This assists the QA team in identifying problems early, and correcting these problems sooner rather than later can prevent further problems from occurring as a result of these defects.
• Customers will have a better experience using your product since QAOps incorporates continuous testing. Your consumers will be far more happy with a better degree of quality and dependability than they would have been otherwise.
• Because testing occurs on a continual basis, QAOps keeps the testing team interested. It saves the QA team from having to wait until the application is ready for another round of testing. Furthermore, because the QA staff is neither idle or bored, their morale should improve.
• The QAOps framework improves communication between QA engineers and developers. Software developers, operational people, and everyone else engaged in the CI/CD process must collaborate closely with QA engineers.
• QAOps support the fastest software development cycle and keep the testing team continuously engaged. The QAOps are of high quality and dependability. The QAOps reduce the execution time by adapting automation.

You can search research article related to the QAOps is available on following link

https://www.sciencedirect.com/search?qs=QAOps.&lastSelectedFacet=articleTypes

Read Also: Personality Analysis of Software Testers A Scientific Approach

2. Scriptless automation testing

• It is a method of automating tests without developers writing coded scripts. The tools are often built on test automation frameworks such as Selenium which is a free (open-source) automated testing framework used to validate web applications across different browsers and platforms.
• A scriptless testing tool can record a tester’s activities as it navigates through features on application screens. The tool will produce the identical test steps that you would normally write a test script for by capturing these actions. As a result, scriptless testing is restricted to interacting with UI components.  Automated UI testing is quickly becoming the new norm. This comprehensive guide dives into UI automation, one of the hottest trends in the world of Software testing. It is designed to provide you with knowledge across the broader UI test automation spectrum, including what it means, how to perform it, and the various challenges it presents. Scriptless testing is constrained by the same constraints as the test framework it employs. As a result, it may not test things like captcha, barcodes, and so on.

• Though the term implies script-free testing, certain solutions do allow for the addition of scripts for complicated test cases.
• Scriptless test automation enables the testers and business users to automate test cases without worrying about the coding. It helps to achieve faster results and reduces the time expended to understand the code.

Characteristics of script-less testing: 

• Traditionally, automated testing necessitates extensive script creation, which frequently necessitates strong engineering skill sets.
• These test scripts are easily broken as the app changes or as the app runs on multiple devices.
• This is why scriptless automation tools are appealing.
• They provide enterprises with a low-complexity and cost-effective way to leverage the benefits of Automated Testing without the complexity or cost of script creation.

As a result, it is critical to guarantee the following when selecting a mobile Scriptless Automation platform:

I. Test scripts may be developed in a simple “no-code” fashion.
II. The test scripts can run on a wide range of devices and operating systems without failing.
III. To avoid vendor lock-in, test scripts might be exported in an open standard e.g., Appium which is an open-source framework that allows QAs to conduct automated app testing on different platforms like Android, iOS, and Windows.

Source of research article connected to Scriptless automation testing is available on

https://www.researchgate.net/search/publication?q=Scriptless%20automation%20testing

3. Big data testing:

• Big Data Testing can be defined as the procedure that involves examining and validating the functionality of the Big Data Applications.
• In Big Data Testing a method that involves inspecting and testing the functionality of big data applications. “Big Data” is a massive accumulation of data that typical storage techniques cannot handle.
• To ensure that all of its capabilities perform as planned. Big data testing ensures that the big data system functions smoothly and without errors while preserving performance and security.
• The never-ending surge for the Creation, Storage, Retrieval and Analysis of the colossal volumes of data, triggered the motivation behind the origin of Big Data Testing.

Strategy for Big Data Testing:

• Big Data application testing is more concerned with data processing than with particular elements of the software product. The cornerstones of Big data testing include performance and functional testing.
• QA engineers in Big Data testing approach validate the successful processing of terabytes of data utilising commodity cluster and other supporting components. Because the processing is so quick, it necessitates a high level of testing expertise. Batch, real-time, and interactive processing are all options.
• In addition, data quality is a significant consideration in Hadoop testing. Before testing the application, it is vital to examine the data quality, which should be included in database testing.

Source of research article connected to Big data testing is available on

https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=big%20data%20testing&sort=relevance

Read Also: History of Software Testing Estimation Models for Cost Analysis

4. IoT testing

• IoT testing includes functional and integration testing relevant to the specifics of distributed architectures, performance testing to check how the app handles large volumes of streaming data, security testing at the application, gateway, and IoT device levels. Because every IoT device sends and receives data over the Internet, it is critical that your IoT devices can communicate sensitive information wirelessly before coming to market.
• As a result, many IoT companies rely on IoT automation, penetration, and performance testing solutions to uncover flaws before they reach users.
• IoT testing ensures that IoT devices meet stated standards and perform as intended.

The difficulties encountered during IoT testing:

• Both the network and internal communication must be examined.
• Because the tasks are performed via the Internet, security and privacy are major problems in IoT testing.
• The complexity of the software, as well as the system itself, may mask vulnerabilities or problems discovered in IoT technology.
• Memory, processing power, bandwidth, battery life, and other factors are all limited.

Suggestions for efficient IoT testing:

• Gray box testing and IoT testing should be conducted concurrently to allow for the creation of effective test cases. This assists us in comprehending the operating system, architecture, third-party hardware, new connections, and hardware constraints.
• Scalability, adaptability, connection, and security are all critical for IoT and require real-time operating systems.
• IoT testing may be automated to make it more effective.

Source of research article connected to IoT testing is available on

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/searchresult.jsp?newsearch=true&contentType=conferences&queryText=IoT%20testing

5. AI & ML based Software Testing

• AI and ML help organizations eliminate testing gaps by augmenting people’s skills and capacities to analyze real-time data.
• The Al and Ml testing frameworks can easily identify problems, and with frequent changes to the algorithms, it is possible to find even minor errors. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technology are well-trained to analyse data, recognise schemes and patterns, and perform and assess tests without the assistance of humans.
• Deep learning and artificial neural networks enable this when a computer self-educates based on specified data sets or data taken from an external source such as the web.
• The goal of AI is to replicate human intelligence in robots and is to develop a technique for solving issues that enables software to oversee operations without the need for manual programming.

• The latest AI and ML technologies in the digital era require a new approach to software testing while handling complex systems and functionalities. Testing AI platforms enables companies to ensure adequate security measures for their complex applications.
• Advances in software and AI world have paved the way for Robotic Process Automation (RPA). It is the most recent technology which has the capability to re-invent the business process management landscape.
• However, a kind of artificial intelligence known as machine learning helps robots access information and carry out diverse activities. The ML technology helps AI systems understand learning processes and derive insights.
• Software testing uses up company resources and doesn’t improve the functioning of the programme, according to research. A new regression cycle starts when regression testing reveals a new error introduced by a revision code. Engineers are frequently required to design testing scripts for software applications, and their expertise must be on par with that of the original app’s creators.
• Machine Learning Changing Software Testing – Software applications are constantly changing as users want additional features or business processes to be updated; however, these changes often cause automated tests to no longer work correctly.

Source of research article connected to AI & ML based Software Testing is available on https://www.mendeley.com/search/?query=AI+%26+ML+based+Software+Testing&dgcid=md_homepage

6. Shift left Software Testing

• Software developers are being incorporated into the testing cycle earlier than ever before, movement in the testing world is commonly known as shifting left.
• The “shift left” testing trend aims to move testing closer to the beginning of the software development process. A project can decrease the amount of problems and improve the quality of the code by testing often and early. The objective is to avoid discovering any significant defects that need for code patching during the deployment process.
• Moving the testing phase earlier in the software development life cycle is what the shift left movement is all about. Approaches where testing is only done at the very end of the software development life cycle should be avoided. We implement testing in the early phases of software development using shifting left.

• Shift Left is a practice intended to find and prevent defects early in the software delivery process. The idea is to improve quality by moving tasks to the left as early in the lifecycle as possible. Shift Left testing means testing earlier in the software development process.
• A Shift Left testing approach may not always be able to deliver optimal performance and functioning in a real-world environment.

Source of research article connected to Shift left Software Testing is available on https://search.springernature.com/search?q=Shift+left+Software+Testing

7. DevOps

DevOps – is a combination of Development & Operations  it is a Software Development methodology that looks to integrate all the Software Development functions from development to operations within the same cycle. It is a modern code deployment approach that significantly helps in the collaboration and coordination among various teams and accelerates the software delivery process with faster releases.

DevOps Cycle

Following figure shows the impact of DevOps on software testing

8. Accessibility Testing

Accessibility testing is another type of software testing used to test the application from the physically challenged person’s point of view. Accessibility testing is the practice of making your web and mobile apps usable to as many people as possible.

This sort of software testing not only focuses on verifying app usability, but it also makes sure that the application can be used by people with many disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, language, learning, and neurological disabilities.

Read Also: Improving Software Test Automation Using Different Algorithms

9. Regression Testing

Regression testing is a software testing practice that ensures an application still functions as expected after any code changes, updates, or improvements. Regression testing is responsible for the overall stability and functionality of the existing features.

Regression testing can be performed using the following techniques:

1. Re-test All: Re-Test is one of the approaches to do regression testing. In this approach, all the test case suits should be re-executed. Here we can define re-test as when a test fails, and we determine the cause of the failure is a software fault.

2. Regression test Selection: In this technique, a selected test-case suit will execute rather than an entire test-case suit.

• The selected test case suits divided in two cases

    A. Reusable Test cases: Reusable test cases can use in succeeding                regression cycle.
    B. Obsolete Test cases: Obsolete test cases can’t use in                                     succeeding  regression cycle.

3. Prioritization of test cases:

Prioritize the test case depending on business impact, critical and frequently functionality used. Selection of test cases will reduce the regression test suite.

10. Performance Testing

Performance Testing is a type of software testing that ensures software applications to perform properly under their expected workload. It is a testing technique carried out to determine system performance in terms of sensitivity, reactivity and stability under a particular workload.

Today’s businesses become successful only if their business-critical mobile and web applications perform well under varying loads and should essentially deliver great performance.

11. User Testing

User testing is the process through which the interface and functions of a website, app, product, or service are tested by real users who perform specific tasks in realistic conditions. The purpose of this process is to evaluate the usability of that website or app and to decide whether the product is ready to be launched for real users.

In this method, the real users test the apps by considering various real-time use cases and the feedback from these users helps in improving the application for the end-users.

Conclusion:

Software testing is a process of evaluation that either the specific system meets its originally specified requirements or not and the rise in the number of applications used by different organizations has increased the demand for software testing. This blog highlights the most trending software testing topics in research and aims to discuss the existing as well as improved software testing topics and popular platforms for the better quality assurance purposes.

The primary goal of this blog is to provide a basic introduction to trending topics as well as the research sources used for references and to help aspiring researchers in their search for researchers.

Thus, there is a strong need to adapt the latest testing trends for all the software industries in the world, which will help them to adapt to the requirements of the modern world. In face of newer and higher demand of software testing, it is necessary to constantly summarize new achievements, study fresh hotspots and propose different ideas in order to promote the study on software testing system engineering, to facilitate the rapid development on software testing field and industry.

The post Software Testing Latest Trends & Technology in 2023 appeared first on Testbytes.